Perfins on the Stamps of Cuba Sellos de Cuba con perforaciones de empresas		Included below are: History of Perfins Orientation of a Punch Earliest Known Use in Cuba Perfin Glossary Bibliography of Cuban Perfins Links and References
Rudy Roy's pictorial exhibition of Cuban perforated insignia stamps La palabra "perfin" viene del inglés: perforated insignia (siglas perforadas)

No.	Firm  /  Address  / Years of Use  / Notes	Perfin	Stamps Perforated (Edifil 2012 Catalog)	Front	Reverse (* Mirror image)	Cover (Click to enlarge)
Núm.	Compañia /  Dirección / Años en uso / Notas	Perfin	sellos perforados (Edifil 2012 Catálogo)	Frente	Reverso (* imagen espejo)	Cubierta (pulse para vista detallada)
01	Avery & Company La Habana 1917   This identification has not been confirmed by a cover. Esta identificacion no se ha verificado en cubierta.		206, 207			No cover has been documented Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
02	Banco Nacional de Cuba Obispo & Cuba, La Habana 1914 - 1919 Click on this link for more BNC covers and stamps.	BNC	195, 196, 196A, 198, 198A, 200, 200A, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212		*	13 August 1918
03	Compañía Armour de Cuba 1 (Armour & Company) Mercaderes 15, Apartado 470, La Habana 1917 - 1928 Subsidiary of the U.S. company of the same name, Armour had large interests in beef and mutton. Click on this link for more CA covers and stamps.	CA (Monogram)	205, 206, 206a, 207, 214, 215, 224 Timbre Nacional revenue		*	21 June 1922
04	Cuban Telephone Co. Aguila & Dragones (P.O. Box 945), La Habana 1917 - 1933 The Cuban Telephone Company was a subsidiary of IT&T Click on this link for more CTC covers and stamps.		205, 206, 206A, 207, 208, 210, 214, 215, 218, 222, 223, 224, 242, 245, 247, 253, 269, 272, 273A		*	17 June 1924
05	R.G. Dun & Company Obispo & Cuba (Banco Nacional building), La Habana 1911 - 1933 Robert Graham Dun was a merchant, financial services broker. He began his career in Tappan & Douglass, the first mercantile agency in New York City, in 1850, becoming partner in 1854. He opened his own credit-rating firm in 1861, R. G. Dun & Company, with branches in major cities nationwide. The company was an early adopter of office machinery, including the typewriter, on which he composed the weekly "Dun's Review" to review international business condition. The firm later merged to form Dun & Bradstreet, one of the best known credit-rating and financial services publishing firms in the country. Click on this link for more DUN covers and stamps.	with two code holes	190, 191, 195, 196, 196A, 201, 205, 206, 207, 215, 252, 273 Postal Tax 1		*	This may be an unauthorized use.3 Este quizas sea un uso no autorizado.3
05a	R.G. Dun & Company 2 La Habana 1917 - 1938 Click on this link for more DUN covers and stamps.	without the two code holes	205, 206, 207, 245, 252, 253, 263, 266, 267, 272, 273		*	This may be an unauthorized use.3 Este quizas sea un uso no autorizado.3
06	Enrique Armaignac Gallo 66 (now 10 de Octubre), Santiago de Cuba 1930 - 1945 This company sold boots, shoes, harnesses and saddles.	EA	205, 206, 207, 215, 256, 269		*	21 March 1934
07	El Sol de Canadá (Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada) Aguiar 75, La Habana 1917 - 1948 Click on this link for more EL SOL covers and stamps.	EL SOL	205, 206, 206A, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 216, 218, 225, 228, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 264, 267, 269, 271, 273, 274, 275, 281, 328, 330, 331, 332, 336, 358, 361, 380, 384, 389, 395, 408, 411 Semipostal 1 Postal Tax 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8		*	16 September 1940
07a	El Sol de Canadá 2 (Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada) La Habana 1941	EL SOL 3 additional code holes 4 and bent "E"	Postal Tax (Sobretasa postal) 4		*	No cover has been documented Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
08	Empresa Naviera de Cuba San Pedro 6, La Habana 1914 - 1940 This company was a steamship line with regular service to New York, San Juan and Central America. In 1940, the ship Cuba plied the waters between Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Ciudad Trujillo, San Juan, Curaçao and La Guaira. Click on this link for more ENC stamps.		203, 205, 206, 207, 214, 222, 247, 251, 252, 253, 255, 263, 267, 269, 273, 274, 279, 281, 293, 300, 333, 340 Semipostal 1		*	A single example of the ENC diagonal perfin has been reported on cover, but the owner has died and it has not been seen since, despite efforts to locate it. It's image was never published.
09	Empresa Naviera de Cuba La Habana ca. 1930 Here is what Cuban collector Alfredo Díaz Gámez has to say about the ENC horizontal perfin: "This horizontal mark is a controversial one. Some references have attributed it to the same enterprise as the diagonal ENC, the Empresa Naviera de Cuba, but this matter leads to certain questions. Why did this enterprise use two different marks at the same time? Why was the Gómez 1930 2c stamp (Edifil 252, Scott 309) perfined with both marks, diagonal and horizontal? Did Empresa Naviera, located at Havana, have an office in another city and therefore need to use two different marks to identify each one? I cannot answer those questions, but I personally think that maybe the horizontal ENC doesn't belong to Empresa Naviera de Cuba, but to another unknown company, coincidently with the same initials."	ENC horizontal	251, 252			No cover has been documented Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
10	Frank Robins Company 1 Edificio Robins, Obispo & Habana, La Habana 1917 - 1925 This firm dealt in musical instruments and office equipment. It has also been connected to advertising for the Remington Typewriter Co. and the Burroughs Adding Machine Co. This identification has not been confirmed by a cover of the company, but four postcards have been produced that were written over a period of three years with FRCo perfins, all written by an employee of the Frank Robins Company. Click on this link for more FRCo covers and stamps.		205, 206, 207, 210, 215 Timbre Nacional revenue		*	5 May 1924 No cover has been documented on letterhead of company This postcard was written by an employee of Frank Robins Co. See the story by following the link at left.3
11	General Electric Cubana, S.A. Obispo 79 (formerly Prado & Animas), La Habana 1930-1960 A subsidiary of the U.S. firm, it distributed refrigeration equipment and household appliances.   Click on this link for more GE covers and stamps.	GE	251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 263, 264, 330, 331, 334, 337, 338, 339, 340, 342, 349, 351, 361, 367, 368, 375, 377, 379, 388, 390, 391, 392, 398, 407, 432, 511, 567, 571, 834 Postal Tax 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 16, 18, 34		*	25 October 1940
12	José Llano Obispo 111 (at the corner of Compostela), La Habana 1917-1930 José Llano was the owner of a jewelry store in downtown Havana which also carried crystal glassware.   This identification has not been confirmed by a cover. Esta identificacion no se ha verificado en cubierta.		205, 206, 240		*	No cover has been documented Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
13	Monroe & Company Edificio Robins, 510, Osbispo & Habana, La Habana 1914-1917 This was a publishing agency which rented offices in the upper floors or the Frank Robins Co. building in Havana. It specialized in advertising production for periodicals and journals.   This identification has not been confirmed by a cover. Esta identificacion no se ha verificado en cubierta.		196A, 206			No cover has been documented Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
14	Unknown firm 1914		195		*	No cover has been documented Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
15	National City Bank of New York 1 O'Reilly & Compostela, La Habana 1914 - 1946 Click on this link for more NCB covers and stamps.		203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 251, 252, 253, 254, 258, 259, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272A, 273, 273A, 275, 278, 293, 297, 302, 303, 304, 328, 331, 380, 384, Semi-Postal 1, Timbre Nacional revenue		*	14 October 1938
16	New York Life Insurance Company La Habana 1914 - 1917 Click on this link for more NLY stamps.		195, 196, 196A, 198, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210		*	No cover has been documented Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
17	National Paper & Type Co. of Cuba, S.A.1 O'Reilly 46, La Habana 1914 - 1938 This is the Havana branch of the much larger U.S. enterprise which imported and distributed paper products and office goods.   This identification has not been confirmed by a cover. Esta identificacion no se ha verificado en cubierta. Click on this link for more NPT covers and stamps.		203, 206, 207, 208, 210, 215, 244, 253 Semi-Postal 1 Timbre Nacional revenue		*	13 September 1927 No cover has been documented on letterhead of company This may be an unauthorized use.3 Este quizas sea un uso no autorizado.3
18	Odriozola y Cía 1 D'Clouet 12, Cienfuegos 1917 - 1923 This firm imported and distributed hardware. Click on this link for more O&C covers and stamps.		205, 206, 210 Timbre Nacional revenue			No cover has been documented, but the timbre nacional revenue stamp at left bears the imprint of "Odriozola y Cía" Ningun uso en cubierta se ha reportado.
19	Parke, Davis & Cía Gervasio 137, La Habana 1930 - 1948 Click on this link for more PD covers and stamps.	PD	244, 247, 248, 253, 256, 330, 331, 332, 336, 338, 355, 369, 389, 396, 408, 418, 426, 433 Postal Tax 2, 3, 5, 6, 14		*	15 June 1943
20	Quiñones Hardware Corporation 1 Monte 214-222, La Habana 1917 - 1925 This company began in 1916 using an English language name. It's corner card read "Ferreteria y Maquinaria" which means hardware and machinery. Click on this link for more QHC stamps.		205, 206, 207, 215 Timbre Nacional revenue		*	29 January 1919 This single example of the QHC perfin on cover was owned by a now-deceased collector in the Netherlands.
21	Ricardo Veloso y Cía, Cultural S.A. Galiano 62 (corner of Neptuno), La Habana 1917 - 1948 Libreria Cervantes was Ricardo Veloso Guerra's Havana bookstore, founded in 1910. Eventually boasting the largest inventory of books in Havana, Libreria Cervantes also distinguished itself as the first bookstore in the city to sell books on credit. Veloso also edited and published books for Cervantes. In 1926, Veloso merged his company with Cultural S.A. and they expanded their business in Cuba as well as abroad. In the process, they assumed a prominent role in Havana's literary and cultural circles. Click on this link for more RV&Co. covers and stamps.	RV & Co. Click on this link for RV&Co. pin break varieties.	205, 206, 206a, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 224, 226, 229, 234, 235, 241, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261, 265, 269, 270, 273A, 277, 279, 284, 293, 296, 304, 328, 330, 331, 332, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 349, 350, 351, 353, 354, 357, 361, 365, 373, 374, 390, 403, 405, Postal Tax 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9		*	24 March 1942
22	Droguería Sarrá 1 Teniente Rey & Compostela, La Habana 1914 - 1954 Droguería Sarrá was established in 1853 in Havana by Dr. José Sarrá to provide pharmaceutical and homeopathic products. Under his son, Dr. Ernesto José Sarrá, Droguería Sarrá was expanded and improved to become the largest pharmaceutical and distribution company in Cuba and in Latin America until 1960 when the government confiscated all private businesses. Click on this link for more SARRA covers and stamps.	SA RRA	203, 205, 206, 206a, 207, 208, 210, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 222, 224, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 258, 264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 272A, 273A, 274, 275, 277, 278, 279, 281, 287, 288s, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 302, 303, 331, 336, 339, 414, 590 Postal Tax 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 Timbre Nacional revenue		*	22 June 1936
23	Solís Entrialgo y Compañía Galiano 77 (Corner of San Rafael), La Habana 1917 - 1929 In 1888 two brothers who emigrated to Cuba, José (Don Pepe) and Bernardo Solis, established a dry goods store at the corner of Galiano and San Rafael. They joined forces with Entrialgo Aquilino, forming the commercial firm of Solis Entrialgo and Cia. in 1900. It later operated a large luxury department store under the trade name El Encanto (the charm). Click on this link for more SEC covers and stamps.		205, 206, 206a, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 217, 221, 224, 229		*	12 April 1929
Official Punch Perfin
24	República de Cuba Official punch, 1904 Revaluation of postal card from 2 centavos to 1 centavo Click on this link for more República de Cuba official punch covers.	1	Tarjeta postal 69			27 February 1904
Perfins known only on Cuban Revenue Stamps
25	J.F. Berndes & Co. [Tentative ID] Calle Cuba 64, La Habana This company was active in the sugar and machinery business in the last part of the 19th century and the early 20th century. In 1918 it was blacklisted by the U.S. and then Cuba for trading with Germany during World War I. This identification has not been confirmed. Esta identificacion no se ha verificado.	J.F.B&Co	Sello revenue stamps & Pagos al Estado revenue stamps (literally, "Payments to the State" a gross business tax paid with this revenue stamp) and Sello (Stamp Tax or Timbre Movil), a revenue collected on insurance policies, stock certificates and the like.		Click for large sized image.
26	Unknown firm	L&Co	Giro revenue stamps A revenue stamp was required on Giros (money orders, bills of exchange, drafts). In the example shown, one paid one peso as revenue to the government to place this stamp on a money order in the amount of 1000 to 2000 pesos.		Click for large sized image.
27	N. Gelats y Cía [Tentative ID] Aguiar 108, La Habana This company was listed in an 1896 business directory as engaging in "banks and banking" and "commission merchants - importer and exporter". This identification has not been confirmed. Esta identificacion no se ha verificado.		Giro revenue stamps		Click for large sized image.
28	Union Discount Co of London, Ltd 38 Lombard Street (1885-90) and 39 Cornhill (1890-), London, England This is a British company known to have perfined the revenue stamps of many countries.		Pagos al Estado revenue stamps (literally, "Payments to the State" a gross business tax paid with this revenue stamp)		Click for large sized image.
Mystery Perfins Here are three mysteries on four Cuban stamps. Do you have any idea what they represent?			Click for large sized image.
Footnotes: 1 Perfins of this company appear on fiscal stamps (Timbre Nacional), as well as commercial uses such as regular postage, airmail, postage tax stamps and semipostal stamps. 2 The author doubts that there was a second machine for this type. In the DUN example, it is possible that the machine was a multi-head device and over time one of the dies lost the extra hole pins. 3 Many perfin collectors regard anything other than use on the pattern's firm envelope as spurious. It is most likely someone helping themselves to a little free postage. 4 The Perfins Club has a glossary that defines "code hole" as an additional hole extra to the normal design.

Perfins originated in England where, unlike the U.S., one could take unused postage back to the post office and redeem it for cash. In 1868, when they were first allowed use on postage, a penny stamp was a fairly significant amount to a company junior clerk making perhaps 5 - 10 pence per week. A stamp with a perfin in it could not be redeemed. The use of perfins at least moderated theft from the company because, at least in theory, the post office would not accept perfin mail from anyone but the firm that had ownership. But, of course, there were always ways around the system and letters did get sent. At minimum, it prevented an employee from reselling discounted postage. The wide spread use of postage meters and permit indicia ended the practice of using perfins.

So how were the stamps perforated? Two examples from circa 1908 are in the illustrations on the right. One example shows a machine with 10 dies. You could perforate an entire sheet of stamps without separating them. To determine how many stamps would be perforated with one stroke of the lever, the strip of 10 would be multiplied by the number of sheets. For example, the legend tells us that if three initials are set to be punched (the most common), then four sheets of stamps can be inserted. With each stroke of the lever you would then punch 40 stamps. Sheets of 100 stamps then would require 10 strokes. This represented a fairly efficient way of perforating stamps.

Smaller firms that could not afford to shell out $60 or more for a 10 die machine could purchase a single die or two die machine (also illustrated). One could purchase a one die, 3 character, punch for $12 which was still a lot of money in 1908! In terms of saving money perforating, say, 2¢ stamps, you would have to prevent the theft of 600 stamps to justify the purchase of a $12 machine.

If one got in too much of a hurry and inserted too many sheets of stamps at one time, pins could break. This would be one explanation for seeing perfins where different holes are missing on different stamps; namely different dies are involved. Furthermore, over time with pin breakage one will find many different pin punches missing on stamps from a particular firm.

If you want to completely describe a perfin, you will want to describe how the punch is oriented. The first step is to look at the perfin and see if it reads correctly on the front side or back side. There are four orientation positions for each. The chart below illustrates the eight possible positions.

U.S. perfin collectors pay scant attention to orientation, perhaps because of the large number of U.S. perfins. On the other hand, in some smaller countries such as Finland, which only has 11 perfin patterns, they have a numbering system for orientation that follows a clockwise rotation (using Roman, rather than Arabic, numerals). Perhaps collectors there have more desire to expand their searches due to the limit on the number of perfins. There are eight times as many things to look for.

I have incorporated a numbering system (in blue) as well as a lettering system (in bold black) to provide a shorthand description.

The earliest known use of a perfin postage stamp (other than the official punch of the 1903 postal stationery card) will surprise you. Take a look by following this link.

The Perfins Club included this glossary in their first Cumulative Index. Some of these terms have applicability in general philately, but some are distinct to the world of perfins. The glossary follows:

• Blanket perfin - pattern made to cover more than one stamp
• Code hole or control hole - an additional hole extra to the normal design which may indicate a different machine
• Die - a set of pins that make one complete design or set of initials, and which may also include a code hole (or code holes)
• Double. triple, etc. - where the perfin pattern has been struck on the stamp more than once, usually with slight mis-registration
• Head - that part of the perforator that contains the die(s) used to create the perfin(s)
• Illegal - pattern that exceeds government mandated size restrictions
• Issue - stamp on which the pattern is punched
• Multiple die - the same pattern repeated more than once on a perforator head (possibly with minor variations)
• Official - perfins used by government agencies
• Pattern - the letters, design, or figures that comprise the perfin
• Perfin cancel - where a perfin is used to cancel a stamp (usually revenue) or a document
• Perfin - from perforated initials or insignia
• Perforator - a machine - hand, mechanically, or electrically operated - that perforates the pattern into a stamp
• Personal use - perfins stamp used on private correspondence
• Private - perfins for business or personal use versus official government use
• Revenue perfin - (1) where the perfin was applied to the revenue stamp before it was used; or (2) where the perfin was applied to the revenue stamp and document the stamp is affixed to as a perfin cancel (cf)
• SPIF - Stamps Perforated with Initials of Firms
• Split - a partial perfin pattern that is incomplete due to off-centering of the pattern to left or right, top or bottom, etc.
• Type - a single copy of a perfin pattern, irrespective of the stamp

The links are to PDF copies of these articles.

1. Cantens, Laura and Augustin; "Cuban Perfins", The Cuban Philatelist, Vol. 2, No. 2, October, 1972. The beginnings of Cuban perfin study.
2. Cantens, Laura and Augustin; "Cuban Perfins", The Cuban Philatelist, Vol. 2, No. 4, April, 1973. Twelve unique patterns found and illustrated.
3. Roy, Rudy; "Cuban Perfins", The Cuban Philatelist, Vol. 3, No. 1, July, 1973. Four new patterns: O&C, QHC, M&Co, and ENC
4. Roy, Rudy; "Cuban Perfins", The Cuban Philatelist, Vol. 3, No. 2, October, 1973. Sixteen patterns known, eight identified (one, CA monogram, misidentified)
5. Roy, Rudy; "Perfin Recap", The Cuban Philatelist, Vol. 5, No. 4, April, 1976. Number of patterns up to nineteen.
6. Roy, Rudy; "The Perfins of Cuba", The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 2, Whole No. 296; February, 1977. A recap of perfin knowledge with first illustrated list of 19 patterns.
7. Sabía usted que... [Did you know...], filatelia cubana, year 16, No. 2, May-Aug 1981. A one page unattributed blurb on Cuban perfins reinterating common knowledge.
8. Tyx, Mark; "The Cuban Republic's First Postal Card", Postal Stationery, The Journal of the United Postal Stationery Society; Vol. 26, No. 1, January-February, 1984.
   Reprinted in The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 37, No. 9, Whole No. 373; October, 1984, p. 163-167. Detailed story of the "official punch" of the U.S. Liberty overprinted postal card.
9. Iglesias, Marcos A., "Cuban Perfins and Medicine (Los Perfins Cubano y la temática médica)", Scalpel and Tongs, March, 1986. (English and Spanish versions).
10. García-Frutos, Silvia, and Valdéz, Alfredo; "Perfins / Inciales Perforadas", The Cuban Philatelist, Vol. 4, No. 11, July-Aug 1992.
11. Schwerdt, Robert J., Ed.; The World Perfins Catalog, American Section, The Perfins Club, 1992. Compendium of 23 patterns known on Cuban postage and revenue stamps.
12. Scheper, D.; "De perfins van Cuba", Perfinpost, No. 48, February, 1999 (in Dutch).
13. Roy, Rudy; Cuban Perfins - an Update / Los Perfins de Cuba Actualizados" The Cuban Philatelist, Last Third, 2001. QHC cover discovered; other new finds illustrated.
14. García-Frutos, Silvia; "The Consolidated Railroads Perfin (FRCo) / Los Perfins de los Ferrocarriles Consolidados (FRCo)", The Cuban Philatelist, Second Third, 2002. A misstep in the identification of FRCo.
15. Fernández López, Marta Rosa and Díaz Gámez, Alfredo; "Apuntes Para un Catálogo de Sellos Cubanos con Perforaciones de Empresas" (Notes for a Catalog of Cuban Perfins), Revista de Filatelia, April, 2003 (in Spanish). The most complete coverage to that time with a list of known perfin stamps, addresses of firms, known dates of use, etc.
16. Roy, Rudy; "Perfins as Postal History #9 – Mixed Country Franking", The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 60, No. 5, May, 2006. NCB perfin on U.S. airmail stamp posted in Havana.
17. Díaz Gámez, Alfredo; "Los Sellos Perfins y Su Uso en Cuba" (Perfin stamps and their use in Cuba); Boletín Electrónico "El Ojo de la Aguja", Year 1, No. 6, May, 2007, pp. 2-4 (in Spanish).
18. Díaz Gámez, Alfredo; "Los perfins cubanos y las máquinas perforadoras", Folletos de Filatelia - Federación Filatélica Cubana, No. 1, 2011, pp. 46-49 (in Spanish). Nice compendium of knowledge by the Dean of Cuban perfin collectors.
19. Littrell, Robert; "An Internet Adventure - How I Identified the Cuban FRCo Perfin", The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 66, No. 2, Whole No. 633, March/April, 2012. Reprinted in slightly changed format in Journal of Cuban Philately, Vol. 3, No. 1, Whole No. 7, Jan-Mar, 2012, pp. 20 - 21 (in English and Spanish). A fascinating detective story of discovery.
20. Littrell, Robert; "Perfin Update – Which Cuban Perfins Remain Unidentified?", The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 66, No. 3, Whole No. 634, May-June, 2012, pp. 64-65. Reprinted in Journal of Cuban Philately, Vol. 3, No. 2, Whole No. 8, Apr-Jun, 2012, pp. 9 - 11 (in English and Spanish). Current knowledge with extensive references.
21. Littrell, Robert; "Another Cuban Perfin Proved - O&C", The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 67, No. 1, Whole No. 638, Jan.-Feb., 2013, p 4. Reprinted in Journal of Cuban Philately, Vol. 4, No. 1, Whole No. 11, Jan-Mar, 2013, p. 16 (in English and Spanish). Discovery of the ownership of the O&C perfin as Odriozola y Cía.
22. Littrell, Robert; "Two New Cuban Perfins - L&C^o and M^cC", The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 67, No. 2, Whole No. 639, Mar.- Apr., 2013, p 39. Reprinted in Journal of Cuban Philately, Vol. 4, No. 1, Whole No. 11, Jan-Mar, 2013, p. 15 (in English and Spanish).
23. Littrell, Robert; "DUN Cuban Perfin Cover Discovered", The Perfins Bulletin, Vol. 67, No. 3, Whole No. 640, May - Jun., 2013, p 49.

• Refresher course – Perfins: maximum challenge, minimal cost, Miller, Rick; Linn's Stamp News
• Refresher course – Why does my stamp have a lot of holes in it?, Baadke, Michael; Linn's Stamp News
• Refresher course – Collecting perfinned stamps: the hole story, Wunderly, Kathleen; Linn's Stamp News
• The British Postal Museum and Archive: Perfins A more comprehensive history of perfins than that contained herein.
• The Perfins Club website, U.S. perfin club. There are many resourses here for experienced and beginning collectors.
• The Perfin Society website, United Kingdom club.
• Perfin Stamps of Australia website, the only Australian perfin study group site.
• Perfins Handbook for Canada – British North American Philatelic Society (BNAPS) online reference
Perfin.IT – Perfin Stamps of Italy website.
• Hill, Dave; The History of Perfins, Stamp Magazine, November, 1995. A story of James Sloper and the invention of perfins.

I would like to hear from you. Send comments to Rudy Roy.